Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania’s highest court is the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. The court has six justices and one chief justice, who is the longest-serving member of the court. (Source: Pennsylvania Constitution)
Judicial Selection
Justices on the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania are selected to a 10-year term through a partisan election, where multiple candidates may vie for the seat. Justices may seek additional 10-year terms through standing in an unopposed yes/no retention vote. When a seat opens in the middle of a justice’s term, the governor appoints a candidate to fill the vacancy. The governor’s selection must be confirmed by a two-thirds vote of the state senate. The appointed justice holds office until the next municipal election more than 10 months after the vacancy opened, unless the remainder of the seat’s term runs out before then. The elected justice serves a 10-year term. There are no term limits. The mandatory retirement age is 75.
State Constitution
Pennsylvania has had five state constitutions adopted between 1776 and 1968. As of January 1, 2024, it had 36 amendments. (Source: John Dinan, 2024)
Pennsylvania’s Radical Constitution: An Experiment in the Making
Filters
How Are State Judges Selected?
Thirty-eight states use elections as part of their system for choosing high court judges.
Pennsylvania's Groundbreaking Ruling Limiting Mandatory Life Sentences
Breaking with decades of precedent, the court ruled that mandatory life without parole for felony murder violates the state constitution’s ban on “cruel punishments.”
Behind the Movement Toward Humane Punishment
A recent Pennsylvania decision barring mandatory life without parole for felony murder is part of an accelerating trend toward broad state constitutional protections for people in the criminal justice system.
The Problem Punishment Poses for Democratic Orders: Ruination and Rights
Transcript of panel from Symposium: State Constitutions and the Limits of Criminal Punishments
Substantive Rights That Limit Prison Terms
Transcript of panel from Symposium: State Constitutions and the Limits of Criminal Punishments
Closing Remarks
Transcript of panel from Symposium: State Constitutions and the Limits of Criminal Punishments
Professor Robert F. Williams Keynote and Introduction: The Perpetual Guardians of the Penitentiary Houses
Transcript of panel from Symposium: State Constitutions and the Limits of Criminal Punishments
Pennsylvania “Cruel Punishments” Decision Nods Toward International Human Rights Law
In striking down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for felony murder, the Pennsylvania justices differed on the appropriateness of looking to international law.